Infectious Mononucleosis :: essays research papers

CauseInfectious mononucleosis is caused by the Ebstein-Barr virus, which is a member of the herpes family. This family likewise includes the viruses that cause cold sores, chicken pox, venereal herpes, and birth defects. The Ebstein-Barr virus has a lengthy incubation period and symptoms usually take about 4-10 weeks to cause.Once a person is infected with a herpes virus, it never really goes away. The viruses argon able to lie dormant in our bodies and become active at any time. The only way mono can be spread is through direct soupcon with infected saliva. That explains why it is known as the "kissing disease". Drinking from each- others glasses, sharing silverware, and coughing can also spread the virus. In rare cases it can be transmitted from person to person through blood transfusions.A person can only be infected when someone who has the virus passes it to someone who has never been exposed. But less than 5% of people w/ mono can recall being in contact w/ someone who had mono. That is b/c some people are strictly carriers. They carry the virus and pass it along to someone else without ever getting any symptoms themselves.Population AffectedAnyone can get mono. About 70-80% of all cases occur in people btw/ the ages of 15-30. Mono is most common among high school and college students who immune systems are usually run down from stress and fatigue. Although mono peaks earlier in females, it occurs more often in males. Females are usually 15-16 when they contract mono and males unravel to be around 18-23. It is estimated that by the age of 40, 95% of the population has already had mono. That might be hard to believe, but most people who had mono didnt regular(a) know it. They had such mild cases that they thought it was just a cold or flu and their bodies were able to produce antibodies against ever having mono again.SymptomsIf symptoms do appear, they dont develop immediately. The incubation period lasts anywhere from 2 to 7 weeks. The 1st symptoms are commonly mistaken for a cold. They are headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, and chills. The symptoms become more disgusting as the bodys lymphatic system is affected. These include extreme exhaustion, sore throat, fever and swollen glands.

Graduation Speech: A Poem for Graduation :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As freshmen, life was overwhelmingly, exhaustingly demanding,Eat, sleep, and school.Dont trip and f altogether in front of seniors,And go intot act like a fool. Each floor is like a baseball field,The teachers all would tell.So why potbellyt I find room 222?Oh great, there goes the bell. No pressure from the sports team tryoutsCause all we made was JV. term upperclassmen said, thaz aightWe would yell, yippee I know, how cool were we? But what amazing concepts to postponementWho knew bands could play real notes?And lunch could consist of nothing, but HoHos,And we could wear hats, and coats. Notes to make, tests to take, work to fake,Theres just not time enough.Can you believe text file have to be typed?Our lives were really tough.... OR NOT Now we look at the freshies and thinkWe couldntve have been so annoyingly immature.I cant be seen standing next to this beastie,Come on, lets sneak out the door. As sophomores, slumped over with attitude and rightsWe were still a bittie bit to o callow.What is she wearing... oh man, how grotesqueHow we wallowed in being so shallow. What an awkward year it was to endure,Not freshie, but still no respect.Some attracting significant others,While some had the opposite effect. We could be found playing or attendingThe football games, soccer, and track.Praying our moms wouldnt be forced to drive us,Begging rides to and from, forth and back. As juniors, 9-11 united the school,Age does more than our years on earth.Concerned for loved ones, with more on our minds,Those that mattered, things that had greater worth. All too soon, junioritis infected one and allIn not 2, not 5, but 7 classes.Who needed food, we saved homework for lunch,And more signatures on bathroom passes. With warm weather, like eggs, we were starting to crack,SATs, college visits, cracking As,Spring prom, spring break, and spring in our steps,Those minutes dragged on like days. As seniors, were awesome, there are none who compare,We have wit, humor, charm, looks , and class.quartette years of work, winning, whining, and wrath,Are part of our glorious past The snowball attacks, the Iraq war

The Cat Walk :: essays research papers

Oh my God It is awfully dark screamed Britney as she tried to quickly do her way through the incinerator. She entangle a brisk chill on the back of her neck as she heard her predator drawing closer and closer. Her consistence quickly stopped as she slammed into the catwalk railing. Her heart was pounding and her feet staggered as she pulled her body up the 50 foot catwalk. The stairway started to sway as the person hobby walked onto the steps.Britney kept running into cold metal as the catwalk twisted and turned around the building. She figured she must be getting near the stairs when she felt a violently stern hand grab her neck. The man had caught her and she lost her breath. Desperately screaming, he picked her up by her hair and her legs, and lifted her up everyplace the railing. Britney tried to grab for anything as she fell. He heard her scream, then a blood curdling snap, and then silenceIt is 945 a.m. when Anthony Streets arrived at the Glen oak tree Recycling center. P olice and forensics already made their way through the incinerator, checking the smoke stacks, burning pits, control rooms, and machinery for clues.Take a break, guys. Let me have a note around for awhile. This was Anthonys first case on his own, since his 15 year partner had died unexpectedly.Mr. Streets. The girl worked here on weekends. She was 26, from California. We already contacted the family. Three other pot used their key cards yesterday Betty Thompson, Chris Moore, and Devon Moore. All are on their way here. Betty Thompson and Chris Moore were on the time sheet to work yesterday.Thank you Officer Becker. forthwith please ask your men to give me my space. Thank you. Anthony examined the place of death first. It was obvious that Britney fell, by the way her neck was broken and by the way she was sprawled on the icy concrete floor. Blood was smeared, so he could tell the murderer touched the body to make sure she was dead, but there were no fingerprints found.He then went to search the cat walk. As Anthony attempted to ascend the catwalk, he felt a cold hand touch his shoulder.Excuse me , are you a cop? The police department called me down here. What is going on?As Anthony caught his breath, he asked, And you would be who?The name is Moore.

Plato Essay -- Philosophy Philosophers

PlatoPlato was born in Athens to a wealthy family and lived from 429-347 B.C.E. He was Socrates greatest student and held his teacher in such eminent regard that in most of his works Socrates plays the main character. Some people doubt the existance of Socrates but, like nearly everyone else who appears in Platos works, he is not an invention of Plato there really was a Socrates (Kraut). Plato wrote many works asking questions about terms such as justice, piety, and immortality to name a few. His works include but atomic number 18 not limited to, The Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Euthyphro, and his most famous work The Republic which was a work about justice. In 387 B.C.E. Plato founded the first great school of antiquity called The honorary society. This school was famous throughout the world and its most famous student was Aristotle. Platos work has not ceased to influence great thinkers throughout history. In this paper, I result be discussing Platos Theory of Ideas or Forms and The Allegory of the Cave.The Allegory of the Cave is discussed in Platos Republic. The Allegory tells the tale...

Fried Green Tomatoes at the WhistleStop Cafe :: Fannie Flag

Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Caf, iodine of my finest works. Who am I? I am the author Fannie Flagg. Ive been writing since the fifth grade, when I wrote, produced, directed and starred in a three-act comedy entitle The Whopee Girls. It made the audience laugh, but it got me expelled because it had the word martini in it. Ive always had dry wit. I then entered a Miss Alabama contest loving a scholarship to the Pittsburg Playhouse. I was the only girl who failed ballet. When I was nineteen, I began writing and producing TV specials, and since then Ive appeared in more 500 TV shows, which include Candid Camera, The Dick van Dyke Show, The Love Boat, Love American Style, and movies like Five Easy Pieces with Jack Nicholson, Stay Hungry, Grease. I am currently finishing a few new movies such as Flying By and Shattered Glory both of which are coming go forth in 2009. I was in Broadway too I was in The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas Ive written several books such as Standing in the Rainbow in 2002, and my newest book Cant Wait to get to Heaven, in 2006. I now live in Montecito, California. So astir(predicate) my book, Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Caf, well the theme is mainly feminism and a short(p) bit of my gay pride, (youll see when you accept Idgie.). The setting starts out in the nursing home where, Mrs. Cleo Threadgoode, the long-time resident of Whistle Stop, tells Mrs. Evelyn Couch all about her life starting in the year 1929, and the little town of Whistle Stop. Now I will tell you all about the rest of my book in the eyes of my most important character, Mrs. Cleo Threadgoode. My get is Mrs. Cleo Threadgoode, and I live at Rose Terrace Nursing Home. I am 86 years old. I have just made a new friend, and her name is Mrs. Evelyn Couch. She came into the visitors lounge and I started talking right to her. Ill tell you what I told her too. In fact Ill even tell you the total story. It all star ts out in Whistle Stop, 1929.

Abstinence is the Only Effective Method Essay -- Birth Control Pregnan

Abstinence is the Only Thing that can Work perk up outside married couple is at best, wrong at worst deadly. Todays children are basing their decisions about energise on moral and social values. The accepted moral jurisprudence is pretty black and white - dont. Our society, however, has always been able to bend the rules to suit the current trend. Right now that trend is, young people shouldnt have sex outside of marriage, but if they do, they should do it safely. Herein lies the problem Because most adults grew up in the sexual freedom era of the 1960s they dont feel that they should have to give up that freedom. Therefore they would be hypocrites if they taught abstinence as the only effective way to stay safe. This attitude is reflected in the current sex education courses.The falacy of having safe sex outside of marriage is just that a fallacy. There is no such thing as safe sex. Children have to realize the risk they are taking by engaging in sexual activity. They arent just sleeping with one person, but with everyone that person has slept with. There is more at stake then pregnancy and AIDS, such as vitamin C other sexually transmitted diseases. Children feel that they are immune to the big issues and aren?t even being told about the diseases that can cause perminant damage. Teaching abstinance in schools is telling the children that the only 100% way to keep from getting pregnant and contracting sexual diseases is by not having sex, which is true. Why are e...

Abstinence is the Only Effective Method Essay -- Birth Control Pregnan

Abstinence is the Only Thing that can WorkSex outside marriage is at best, wrong at worst deadly. Todays children are basing their decisions rough sex on moral and social values. The accepted moral code is pretty black and white - dont. Our society, however, has always been able to bend the rules to suit the incumbent trend. Right now that trend is, young people shouldnt accommodate sex outside of marriage, but if they do, they should do it safely. Herein lies the problem Because most adults grew up in the sexual freedom era of the 1960s they dont feel that they should have to give up that freedom. Therefore they would be hypocrites if they taught abstinence as the only effective way to pinch safe. This attitude is reflected in the current sex education courses.The falacy of having safe sex outside of marriage is just that a fallacy. There is no such thing as safe sex. Children have to realize the risk they are taking by engaging in sexual activity. They arent just sleeping with one person, but with everyone that person has slept with. There is more than at stake then pregnancy and AIDS, such as 100 other sexually transmitted diseases. Children feel that they are immune to the big issues and aren?t even being told about the diseases that can cause perminant damage. Teaching abstinance in schools is telling the children that the only 100% way to keep from getting pregnant and assure sexual diseases is by not having sex, which is true. Why are e...

Native Americans in the United States Essay

Based on the heathen groups ( put back 1 Appendix), some(prenominal) beneficial values that helped to shape the coupled States lifestyle can be exposit (Holland, 2006). In particular, the brief summaries have granted the clear picture of Multi culturalism in the fall in States in relation to the origin. The United States, for that matter, is captured as a multicultural rescript that is open to all people with assorted emphasizes. From an early time, several groups started moving into the region due to various reasons, which al offseted for the development of a culturally diverse ordering.Hence, the United States substantially benefited from the cultural diversity as improved workforce was available for the various work scenarios. Despite the obvious benefits of multiculturalism in the society, some negative forms much(prenominal) as racism, stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination flourished over several years (Holland, 2006). In the recent past, for example, several et hnic groups such(prenominal) as the African the Statesn, Hispanic, and Indian Americans have continually suffered racism, discrimination, and being depicted in certain stereotypes.Firstly, separationism between the Whites and Blacks was a key characteristic of the tribe before the rise of the civil rights during the 1950s and over (Holland, 2006). Workplaces, schools, commuter busses, and residential areas were segregated between the two groups until in 1954 when segregation in schools was banned. As a result, people started integrating on a multicultural perspective, which led to the realization of better performances and solutions for the workplaces. Besides the significant boundary ahead, other factors such as prejudice and stereotyping still exist at the current date.For instance, the African American and Hispanic groups have been stereotyped in the nefarious characters such as gangsters, robbers and the like for several decades (Holland, 2006). Such beliefs have existed f or several years and are even a common occurrence in media the alike way. Hand in hand, prejudice has also resulted from the occurrences. Therefore, prejudice and stereotypes are a normal space in the culturally diverse environment of the United States.However, the multicultural nature of the countrys population resulted in some positive factors such as creation of a multicultural workforce that can chance upon the requirements of the target population in an effective manner (Kenyon, 2005). In connection to that, all the ethnic groups in the American landscape are subject to some positive, as well as, negative aspects of the cultural diversity. As a result, prejudice, stereotypes, racism, and discrimination that were once exceedingly high have considerably low effects on the moderne and socially active populations. In conclusion, the United States still leads with regards to the benefits of cultural diversity among its people.Table 1 Multicultural Matrix and psychoanalysis Wor ksheet. Part I Matrix What is the groups history in the United States? What is the groups population in the United States? What are some attitudes and customs people of this group may practice? What is something you admire intimately this groups people, lifestyle, or society? 1. The African American Several African American people are linked to a history of slavery since their ancestors were brought in the United States as slaves. This happened kickoff during the 1600s-1700s, and where they assisted English colonialists to get American independence.Later, prominent leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr. helped to change discrimination against Blacks. As a result, a breakthrough into the rampant segregation between the whites and blacks reduced. The African American has an approximate population of about 37 million forming about 13 percent of the total population of the United States. The African Americans are characterized by the practice of several cultural activities depicted in their music, art, and lifestyle. As such, they form a significant part of the ground forces as their culture substantially influenced the American culture.I appreciate the African American lifestyle and their music such as Hip-hop and reggae music. Additionally, I kip down their celebrations such as the Black history celebrations in which they remember their historic past. 2. The Hispanic and Latino American The Spanish became among the first settlers, before Europeans, to settle in some areas of America such as Florida and California. Several people of this group speak the English language only and have adopted the European-American Culture. On average, the Latino and Hispanic population in the United States is approximately 16 percent of the whole population.This accounts to almost 50 million people. The Hispanics are depicted as apparitional people who believe in helping integrity another. Families may be nuclear or extended, and the father is the final decision maker in the family setting, succession the mother is the home care taker. However, all family members are expected to assist in the effective functioning of the setting. I love Hispanic music and their musicians such as Ricky Martin and Jenifer Lopez. Additionally, their Mexican foods are an excellent appetizer that I always cannot ignore. 3. The Indian American The Indian American officially became legal citizen in the United States in 1946.The Indians immigrated into the United States via other countries such as Jamaica, South Africa, and United Kingdom among other countries. The Indian population in America is reasonably low at approximately 0. 89 percent of the whole population. As such, this reflects to about 2. 5 million people. The Indian Americans have a strict cultural background and adhere to strict rule on religion, culture, and food among several other practices. Their religions are diverse and may include Hinduism, Islamism, Christianity, and Buddhism. I value the cultural pra ctices of Indians particularly those practicing Hinduism as they have fascinating ideas.One example is the caste system, where once in a low or high case system one is destined to remain right there. 4. The American Asian Asians of the Chinese background came into the United States due to mainly conflicts from their countries. One situation was the Vietnam War, which led to massive migration of the touch into the USA. In the 1970s and 1980s, therefore, was time for the largest Asian migration into the United States. The Americans Asian account for about 5 percent of the United States population. As a result of cultural diversity, the American Asians are exposed to several challenges.I admire the Chinese way of life that comprises of fun in the form of art and craft. Additionally, I rein pleasure watching some of their movies and appreciate the Yoga. 5. The Native Americans The Native Americans were the original settlers of the United States of America. Relevant sources indicate t hat they enabled undetectable communication during the World War II using their native language. As pertains to name, the Native Americans are recognized as the first settlers of the United States. However, they account for a small population percentage of about 1 percent. The Native Americans culture show dissimilar practices in all other nations.In particular, those life on reservations show dissimilar cultures from the ones not musical accompaniment on reservations however, some similarities may exist in their heritage and traditions. The Native Americans fascinate me with their incredible lifestyle such as them living in tepees and their spiritualism. 6. The Bahamian American The Bahamian American migrated into the United States from the Caribbean during the late 19th century in search for job offers in the agricultural sector.The Bahamian American has an extremely low population of about 40,000 people. Hence, it accounts for approximately 0.01 percent of the whole population . Bahamian Americans preserved their cultural heritage hence, have a distinguished way of living and culture. The Bahamian way of living and cultural heritage provides an excellent measure of modern living from historical setting. Their cultural practices are engaging. Part II Analysis Basing on the above listed ethnic groups, several beneficial values that helped to shape the United States lifestyle can be described. In particular, the brief summaries have given the clear picture of Multiculturalism in the United States in relation to the origin.The United States, for that matter, is captured as a multicultural society that is open to all people with different backgrounds. From an early time, several groups started moving into the region due to various reasons, which allowed for the development of a culturally diverse society. Hence, the United States substantially benefited from the cultural diversity as improved workforce was available for the various work scenarios. Despite the obvious benefits of multiculturalism in the society, some negative forms such as racism, stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination flourished over several years.In the recent past, for example, several ethnic groups such as the African American, Hispanic, and Indian Americans have continually suffered racism, discrimination, and being depicted in certain stereotypes. Firstly, segregation between the Whites and Blacks was a key characteristic of the population before the rise of the civil rights during the 1950s and over. Workplaces, schools, commuter busses, and residential areas were segregated between the two groups until in 1954 when segregation in schools was banned.As a result, people started integrating on a multicultural perspective, which led to the realization of better performances and solutions for the workplaces. Besides the significant leap ahead, other factors such as prejudice and stereotyping still exist at the current date. For instance, the African American and Hi spanic groups have been stereotyped in the villainous characters such as gangsters, robbers and the like for several decades. Such beliefs have existed for several years and are even a common occurrence in media the same way.Hand in hand, prejudice has also resulted from the occurrences. Therefore, prejudice and stereotypes are a normal situation in the culturally diverse environment of the United States. However, the multicultural nature of the countrys population resulted in some positive factors such as creation of a multicultural workforce that can meet the requirements of the target population in an effective manner. In connection to that, all the ethnic groups in the American landscape are subject to some positive, as well as, negative aspects of the cultural diversity.As a result, prejudice, stereotypes, racism, and discrimination that were once extremely high have considerably low effects on the modern and socially active populations. In conclusion, the United States still l eads with regards to the benefits of cultural diversity among its people. Part III Sources Holland, C. (2006). Ethnic and Religious Diversity in underlying America An Historical Perspective. Retrieved November 12, 2011 from the Prolades Website http//www. prolades. com/Ethnic_Religious_Diversity_CAM-Holland. pdf Kenyon, A. (2005). The Importance of Diversity in the Workplace.Retrieved November 11, 2011 from the Leading Today Website http//www. leading today. org/Onmag/2005%20Archives/may05/ak-may05. html Reference List Holland, C. (2006). Ethnic and Religious Diversity in Central America An Historical Perspective Retrieved November 12, 2011 from the Prolades Website http//www. prolades. com/Ethnic_Religious_Diversity_CAM-Holland. pdf Kenyon, A. (2005). The Importance of Diversity in the Workplace Retrieved November 11, 2011 from the Leading Today Website http//www. leading today. org/Onmag/2005%20Archives/may05/ak-may05. html.

Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 3

It was raining, of course. non a terrible storm, justa steady spitting patter that Maggie hardly noticed.It plastered her hair down but it also concea conduct thenoise of her steps.And the lowlying clouds blocked out MountRainier. In clear weather the mountain loomed over the city handle an avenging white angel.Imactually acquireing mostbody,Maggie model. She could hardly believe it, but she was veryly woful down her own home street like a spy,skirting cars and ducking behind rhododendron bushes.While all the metre keeping her eyes on the pure figure in front of her.That was what kept her going. She might havefelt silly and almost embarrassed to be doing thisbut not tonight. What had happened put her farbeyond embarrassment, and if she started to relax inside and feel the empty-headed pricklings of uncertainty,memory surged up again and swept everythingelse away.The memory of Sylvias sound. The buckle might not have been fastenedright.And the memory ofher mothers hand going limp as her body sagged.Ill follow you no matter where you go, Maggie thought. And thenShe didnt agnise what then. She was trusting to instinct, letting it guide her. It was stronger andsmarter than she was at the moment.Sylvias apartment was in the U district, the college area around the University of Washington. Itwas a longsighted walk, and by the time they reached it,the rain was coming down harder. Maggie was gladto get out of it and follow Sylvia into the under ground garage.This is a dangerous place, she thought as shewalked into the repeat darkness. But it was simply a note made by her mind, with no emotionattached. At the moment she felt as if she couldpunch a mugger hard enough to brag himagainst the wall.She kept a safe distance as Sylvia waited for the elevator, then headed for the stairs. Third floor. Maggie trotted up faster than the elevator could make it and arrived not even breathing hard. Thedoor of the stairwell was half open and she watched from behind it as Sylvia walked to anapartment door and raised a hand to knock.Before she could, the door opened. A male child wholooked a undersize older than Maggie was place it,letting a couple of laughing girls out. Music driftedto Maggie, and the smell of incense.Theyre having a party in there.That shouldnt be so shocking-it was Saturdaynight. Sylvia lived with three directionmates they were undoubtedly the ones having the party. But as the girls walked knightly Sylvia they smiled and noddedand Sylvia smiled and nodded back before walkingcalmly through the door.Hardly the sort of thing you do when your boyfriends just been killed, Maggie thought fiercely.And it doesnt exactly fit the tragic heroine act,either. because she noticed something. When the boy holding the door let go, it had swung almost shut but not quite.Can I do it? Maybe. If I look confident. Id haveto walk right in as if I belonged, not hesitate.And hope she doesnt notice. Then get behindher. See if shetalksto anybody, what she saysThe laughing girls had caught the elevator. Maggie walked straight up to the door and, withoutpausing, she pushed it open and went inside.Look confident, she thought, and she kept ongoing, instinctively moving toward a side wall. Herentry didnt seem to have caused a stir, and it waseasier than shed thought to walk in among these strangers. The apartment was very dark, for onething. And the music was medium loud, and everybody seemed to be talking.The altogether problem was that she couldnt see Sylvia. She put her back to the wall and waited forher eyes to adjust.Not over there-not by the stereo. Probably inone of the bedrooms in back,changing.It was as she moved toward the little hallwaythat led to the bedrooms that Maggie really noticedthe strangeness. Something about this apartment,about this party was shoot. Weird. It gave her thesame feeling that Sylvia did.Danger.This place is dangerous.Everybody there was so good-looking or elseugly in a really fashionable way, as if theyd juststepped off MTV. But there was an air about themthat reminded Maggie of the sharks at the SeattleAquarium. A coldness that couldnt be seen, onlysensed.There is something so wrong here. Are they alldrug dealers or something?Satanists?Some kindof junior-grade mafia? They just feel so evil.Maggie herself felt like a cat with all its fur standing on end.When she heard a girls phonate coming from thefirst bedroom, she froze, hoping it was Sylvia.Really, the most secret place youve ever imagined. It wasnt Sylvia. Maggie could just see thespeaker through the crack in the door. She waspale and beautiful, with one long black braid, andshe was angle of inclination forward and lightly touching theback of a boys hand.So exotic, so mysterious-its a place from thepast, you see. Its ancient, and everybodys forgotten about it, but its still there. Of course, its terribly dangerous-but not forus.Not relevant, Maggies mind decided, and shestopped listening. Somebodys weird vacationpla ns nothing to do with Sylvia or Miles.She kept on edging down the hall. The door atthe end was shut.Sylvias bedroom.Well, she has to be in there she isnt anywhereelse.With a surreptitious glance behind her, Maggie crept closer to the door. She leaned toward it untilher cheek touched the cool white paint on the wood, all the while straining her eyes toward theliving room in case somebody should turn her way. She held her breath and tried to look casual, buther heart was beating so loudly that she could only hear it and the music.Certainly there was nobody talking behind thedoor. Maggies hopes of eavesdropping faded.All right, then, Ill go in. And theres no point intrying to be stealthy shes going to notice.So Ill just do it.It helpedthat she was so identify up. She didnt even need to brace herself her body was at maximum tension already. Despite her sense that therewas something menacing about this whole place, she wasnt frightened, or at least not in a way that felt like fear. It fe lt like rage instead, like being desperately ready for battle. She wanted to snapshot some thing and shake it to pieces.She took hold of the knob and pushed the dooropen.A new smell of incense hit her as the air rushedout. It was stronger than the living room smell,more indecent and musky, with an overlying sweetness that Maggie didnt like. The bedroom was even darker than the hall, but Maggie stepped inside.There was tension on the door somehow as soon as she let go of it, it speak shut behind her.Sylvia was standing beside the desk.She was alone, and she was still wearing theGore-Tex climbing outfit shed had on at Maggieshouse. Her shimmering fine hair was starting todry and lifting up like little angel feathers awayfrom her forehead.She was doing something with a brass incenseburner, adding pinches of powder and what looked like herbs to it. That was where thesickeninglysweet smell was coming from.Maggie had plannedas far as shed plannedanything at all to,rush right up and ge t in Sylviasface. To startle her into some kind of confession. She was going to say, I need to talk to you. Butbefore she could get the first word out, Sylvia spokewithout looking up.What a shame. You really -should have stayedhome with your .parents, you know. Her voice wascool and languorous, not hasty and certainly notregretful.Maggie stopped in her tracks.Now, whats thatsupposed to mean? Is it athreat? Fine. Whatever. I can threaten, too.But she was taken by surprise, and she had toswallow hard before speaking roughly. I dontknow what youre talking about, but at least youvedropped the weepy-weepy act. You were really badat it.I thought I was very good, Sylvia said andadded a pinch of something to the incense burner.Im sure the officers thought so, too.Once again, Maggie was startled. This wasntgoing at all as she expected. Sylvia was so calm, somuch at ease. So much in control of the situation.Not anymore, Maggie thought.She just admittedit was an act. All that chokey close up while she was talking about MilesFury uncoiled in Maggies stomach like a snake.She took three fast steps forward. You knowwhy Im here. I want to know what really happenedto my brother.I told youYou told a bunch of lies I dont know what the truth is. The only thing I do know is that Miles would never make a stupid mistake like not buckling his harness. Look, if you did somethingdumb-if hes lying out there hurt or something,and you were too scared to admit ityoud better verbalize me right now. It was the first time shed putinto words a reason for Sylvia to be lying.Sylvia looked up.Maggie was startled. In the light of the singlecandle by the incense burner, Sylvias eyes werenot violet but a more reddish color, like amethyst. They were large and clear and the light seemed to play in them, quivering.Is that what you think happened?Sylviaasked softly.I said, I dont knowwhat happened Maggie feltdizzy suddenly, and fought it, glaring into Sylvias strange eyes. Maybe you had a fight or some thing.Maybe youve got some other boyfriend. Maybe you werent even out climbing on Halloween in the first place. All I know is that you lied and that theres no body to find. And I want to know the truthSylvia looked back steadily, the candlelight dancing in her purple eyes. You know what yourbrother told me aboutyou? she asked musingly.Two things. The first was that you never gave up.He said, Maggies no move up scientist, but once shegets hold of something shes just like a little bull terrier. And the second was that you were a complete sucker for anybody in trouble. A real bleeding heart.She added a few fingernail-sized chips of smoothbark to the mixture that was smoking in the incense burner.Which is too bad, she went on thoughtfully.Strong-willed and compassionate thats a real recipe for disaster.Maggie had had it.What happened to Miles? What did you dotohim?Sylvia laughed, a little secret laugh. Im afraidyou couldnt guess if you spent the rest of yourshort life trying. She shook her head. It was toobad, actually. I liked him. We could have beengood together.Maggie wanted to know one thing. Is he of a sudden?I told you, youll never find out. Not even whenyou go where youre going.Maggie stared at her, trying to make sense ofthis. She couldnt. When she spoke it was in a levelvoice, staring into Sylvias eyes.I dont know what your problem is-maybeyoure crazy or something. But Imtellingyou rightnow, if youve done anything to my brother, I am going to killyou.Shed never said anything like this before, butnow it came out quite naturally, with trace andconviction. She was so angry that all she could seewas Sylvias face. Her stomach was knotted and sheactually felt a burning in her middle, as if therewere a glowing fire there.Now, she said, areyou going to tell me what happened to him?Sylvia sighed, spoke quietly.No.Before Maggie quite knew she was doing it, shehad reached out and grabbed the front of Sylvias green Gore-Tex jacket with both hands.Something sparked in Sylvias eyes. For a moment, she looked startled and interested and grudgingly respectful. Then she sighed again, smilingfaintly.And now youre going to kill me?Listen, youMaggie leaned in. She stopped.Listen to what?Maggie blinked. Her eyes were stinging suddenly.The smoke from the incense burner was rising directly into her face.YouI feel strange, Maggie thought.Very strange. Dizzy. It seemed to come over herall at once. There was a pattern of flashing gray spreading across her vision. Her stomach heavedand she felt a wave of queasiness.Having a problem? Sylvias voice seemed tocome from far away.The incense.It was rising right in her face. And nowWhat did you do to me? Maggie gasped. Shereeled backward, away from the smoke, but it wastoo late. Her knees were horribly rubbery. Herbody seemed to be far away somehow, and the sparkling pattern blind her completely.She felt the back of her legs come up against abed. Then they simply werent supporting her anymore she was slithering do wn, unable to catch herself with her useless arms. Her lips were numb.You know, for a moment there, I thought Imight be in trouble, Sylvias voice was sayingcalmly. But I was wrong. The truth is that yourejust an ordinary girl, after all. Weak and powerlessand ordinary. How could you even thinkabout going up against me? Against my people?Am I dying? Maggie wondered. Im losing myself.I cant see and I cant move.How could you come here and attack me? How could you thinkyouhad a chance at winning? Even Sylvias voice seemed to be getting more and more distant. Youre pathetic. But now youll find out what happens when you mess with real power.Youll learn.The voice was gone. There was only arushingnoise in anendless blackness.Miles, Maggie thought. Im dour.Then she stopped thinking at all.

Biag ni Lam-ang

Biag ni Lam-ang (The Life of Lam-ang) is an epic verse form of the Ilokano people from the Ilocos region of the Philippines. Recited and written in the original Iloko, the poem is believed to be a composite work of various poets who passed it on through the generations, and was first transcribed around 1640 by a blind Ilokano bard named Pedro Bucaneg. Lam-ang is an marvelous being, manifesting when he begins to speak in his early years, thus enabling him to choose his own name.His adventures begin when his father, Don Juan, set out for a battle further never returned. At barely nine months, Lam-ang goes to search for Don Juan in the highlands where the latter was said to have gone. Aware that her child was a blessed, exceptional creature, his fret Namongan allows him to go. Lam-ang then goes off in search of his father, leaving his grieving mother behind. When Lam-ang arrives at the place where Don Juan had disappeared, he is enraged to see his fathers severed head atop a bamboo pole a scene he dreamt beforehand.Lam-ang demands to the local people why that had happened to his father, but does not receive an answer. Instead, the foreman of the village tells him to leave under pain of suffering the same fate as his father. Lam-ang defies the caveat and bravely fights the chieftain and his tribesmen. The hero emerges victorious from the battle with atomic effort, avenging his murdered father. Fom this story, we can realize how the love of a son to his father and

Nike Financial Analysis Essay

Nikeis a company that has thoroughly embedded itself into the psyche of people around the world. Its a company that started with humble origins from selling footwear in the basement to becoming the behemoth in the athletic industry. Bill Bowerman, University of Oregon track field coach, and Phil Knight, middle-distance beginning under Bowerman co-founded Nike. Nike was first established as Blue Ribbon Sports in 1964 as a partnership and the name Nike was officially adopted on whitethorn 30, 1978. The infamous Nike Logo Swoosh, was created for a fee of $35 by Carolyn Davidson, a chartics design student.In 1980, Nike becomes a publicly traded company with the completion of its initial Public Offering of 2,377,000 sh ars of Class B Common Stock on New York Stock Exchange with the investment company symbol NKE. Today, Nike employs over 27,000 people across the globe, and has net revenue in excess of $13 jillion. The purpose of this paper is to provide investors with comprehensive information on Nike, its financial health and activities, its strength and weaknesses, and whether Nike creates esteem to its shareholders. This paper will analyze Nikes capital structure, scope of international ope symmetryns, recent stock carrying out, and dividend policy.We will examine how Nikes international operations are conducted, its criticisms and strengths. Nikes debt ratios, dividend payout ratios, dividend yield, and interest group insurance coverage ratios over the previous 5 stratums will be discussed and compared with industry benchmarks. Its pose ratings and the relation between the operating characteristics and its leverage will also be analyzed. Managers for Nike are creating value for shareholders by expanding Nike operations in foreign markets as practically as possible. Nikes sales and compensation outpaced Wall Street estimates FY 06. Nikes sales reached $15 billion and its recompense per share were up 18%.Over the retiring(a) 5 years, Nikes earnin gs per share on compounded rate were up 20%, gross margins faird 42% and in the past year, Nike delivered 44% margins in a period of acclivity costs. The current managers are maximizing shareholders wealth but in the footwear industry, Nikes performance soundless falls. The footwear industry averaged well-nigh 14. 25%, period Nikes growth in stock was 10. 48%. If the increase in value of shares is a benchmark of performance for managers, Nikes performance is unimpressive. Nike has a Price to halt (MRQ) ratio of 3. 97, while the industry Nike competes in has a ratio of 3. 96.SP ergocalciferol has a Price to Book (MRQ) ratio of 3. 90. Nike has a Price to Tangible Book (MRQ) ratio of 4. 26, while the industry has a ratio of 4. 44, and the SP 500 has a ratio of 7. 22. The Nike brand itself is the biggest strength of Nike. Its other strengths include international operations where it is expanding crisply, innovation of new products and ability to connect with its consumers. Peoples perception of Nike as an drug user of workers in developing nations, might cause considerable damage to its brand, and the poor performance of its stock relative to its industry is also one of its weaknesses.Nikes managers must maximize shareholders wealth, which is not at its optimum level. As a world-renowned multi-national corporation, Nike has a presence in almost every nation. Nike itself started by importing athletic station from a Japanese company called Onitsuka Tiger Company. Nike earns more revenues from its international operations than its domestic market. Nike earned almost $6. 5 billion FY 2005 from its international operations, compared to $5. 1 billion from its domestic market. International operations appear to be a key driver of Nikes growth. Nikes international operations are divided into 3 different shares.The EMEA region oversees operations in Europe, Middle East, and Africa. The Asia Pacific Region oversees operations in East Asia, South Asia, Southeast A sia, and the Pacific. The Americas region oversees operations in South America, and North America (excluding United States). Europe, Middle East, Africa (EMEA) is headquartered in Hilversum, Netherlands. In footing of revenue, the EMEA is Nikes second largest region. EMEA region contributed about $4. 3 billion in revenues for Nike. Of these, footwear revenues contributed $2. 5 billion, apparel revenues contributed $1. 5 billion and equipment revenues contributed $284. one million million. FY05, 31% of Nike brand revenue was generated by sales in the EMEA region. This region is also the third largest in terms of manufacturing. EMEA region employs about 6,000 Nike employees, and has about 104 contract factories. These factories in addition, employ 29,242 workers. The Asia Pacific region is Nikes third largest in terms of revenue, and the largest in terms of manufacturing. Nike has 13 branch offices and subsidiaries in the Asia Pacific region. China has become both a source country a nd a vital market for Nike. Asia Pacific region has 3,282 Nike employees approximately.The region also has 252 contract factories located in North Asia, and 238 contract factories located in South Asia. Combined, these factories employ 550,821 workers. Nikes revenues for year 2004 from its Asian operations were about $1. 6 billion. Of these revenues, approximately $855 million were from footwear sales, $612 million from apparel sales and $146 million from equipment sales. The Americas region is the smallest in terms of revenue 2nd largest in regards to manufacturing. The first Nike shoe ever contracted out was done in Mexico in 1971. For year 2003, the region provided Nike with revenues of $624 million.Of these revenues $412 million were from footwear sales, $166 million from apparel sales and $47 million from equipment sales. This region has approximately 1076 Nike employees and additional 44,568 workers working in 137 total contract factories. Nike has branch offices and subsidiar ies in five countries. Some of the challenges that Nike has faced and still faces are in regards to its manufacturing facilities and violation of labor laws. Nike has been accused on numerous occasions of employing children in its factories or exploiting workers in developing countries.In response to these allegations, Nike implement strict standards for manufacturing facilities, including minimum age, air quality, mandatory education programs, expansion of micro-loan programs, factory monitoring, and enhanced transparency of Nikes corporate responsibility practices. In order to wagerer its image, Nike even ceased orders from Pakistan in November 20, 2006 as the soccer-ball manufacturer there failed to correct labor-compliance violations. Examination of Nikes debt ratios reveals that the company has less debt in proportion to its assets.In 2002, Nike had a debt ratio of . 404 with total assets being worth about $6. 44 billion, and total debt of $2. 60 billion. In 2003, Nikes debt ratio change magnitude to . 415, its total assets increased by $378. 1 million, and its total debt increased by $226. 4 million. Debt ratio fell to . 394 in 2004, and fell further in 2005 to . 358. In the year 2006, Nikes debt ratio increased to . 363, and had total assets of $9. 87 billion and total debt of $3. 58 billion. Examination of Nikes interest coverage ratio reveals that the tighten can sufficiently pay striking debt.If one were to take only Nikes interest coverage ratios into account, it can be said that Nike generates sufficient revenue to satisfy interest expenses. In the year 2002, Nike had an interest coverage ratio of 22. 43. This further increased to 29. 04 the following year with EBIT amounting $1. 25 billion and interest expense amounting to $42. 9 million. In the year 2004, interest coverage ratio increased phenomenally to 59, with EBIT being $1. 48 billion and interest expense being $25 million. Finally for the year 2005, the interest coverage ratio was 388. 485 with EBIT being $1. 86 billion and interest expense being $4.million. Nike has a 5-year average leverage ratio of 1. 5, the industry leverage ratio is about 1. 5, and SP 500 Index has a leverage of 4. 9. The firms leverage shows that Nike is using long-term debt, and it is measurable and appropriate. The operating characteristics include the great unwashed of sales in tune of $13,739. 7 million FY 2005, $12,739. 7 million sales in 2004, $10,697. 0 million sales in 2003, 9893. 0 million sales in 2002, and 9488. 8 million sales in 2001. These financial conditions indicate that Nike, Inc. percentages are not high and provide protection for the stockholders.Nikes bond ratings by Moody for Senior Unsecured loan has a rating of A2, an Aa3 rating for Credit Default Swap, Aaa for Equity-Implied, and an A2 rating for Bond-implied. Nike pays dividends to its shareholders every quarter. In the past 5 years, Nikes dividends ranged from $. 12 a share in March of 2002 to $. 37 a share in Dec ember of 2006. Nikes dividend rate is much higher than both the industry average, and the SP 500 Index. For the last 12 months, the dividend rate paid by Nike was 1. 48 while the industry average was . 32, and the SP index dividend rate was . 74. Nikes yearbook dividend yield is about 1. 0%, while the payout ratio is 24%. K-Swiss, one of Nikes competitors has an annual dividend rate of . 20, annual dividend yield of . 60% and a payout ratio of 9%. Skechers USA, another competitor, paid no dividends. The dividend yield of SP 500 was 2. 06%, while the dividend yield in the footwear industry was 1. 44%. The payout ratio for the footwear industry was 20. 37%, and the SP payout ratio was 28. 23%. Although, SP 500 performed better than Nike in regards to dividend yield and payout ratio, one has to take into account that in footwear industry, Nikes dividend yield and payout ratio were considerably higher than its competitors.In regards to its dividend policy, Nike is very attractive, and is very much ahead of the pack. Nike also has a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) and allows its shareholders to participate in it through its Nike Direct-SERVICE Program. Through this program, shareholders can convert their property dividends into shares at a significant discount to the current share price. Nike has a market value of $24. 41 billion. Approximately 1. 33 million shares are traded perfunctory on average. Over the course of 5 years, Nikes stock price went from $56. 92 as of Jan 2, 2002 to $97. 45 as of Dec 11, 2006 an increase of 71. 5%. The graph below illustrates Nikes 5 Year trend. In the recent year, the firms shares were traded as high as $99. 30, and as low as $75. 52. The firm started with a stock price of $85. 95 in the beginning of the year and as of December 12, 2006 closed at $96. 57 a . 90% flow from the previous day. The stock performance trend reveals that Nike experiences a greater loss during the months of August and September, and greater gains i n October thru December, which is the holiday season. The graph below shows Nikes stock performance trend in the recent year.The chart below shows growth in Footwear Industry in comparison to S&P 500 index. In conclusion, Nikes future growth would primarily derive from its foreign operations. As the footwear industry in the domestic market has slowed, Nike has to expand aggressively in foreign markets. Nike pays more dividends in comparison to its competitors the firm should reinvest that money in aggressive expansion in foreign markets rather than giving support the shareholders the profit. Nikes returns are also significantly less than the S&P 500 index and within its own industry.

Krokodil: Signing Your Own Death Essay

Krokodil is a drug that is mostly sold in Russia. correspond to unofficial estimates, Russia is the country with the highest amount of heroin addicts approximately two million. However, not everyone can afford this drug. Krokodil is a drug more powerful and more ravaging than heroin and it is also a lot cheaper. Whereas heroin may cost $150 US and up per use, Krokodil can be obtained for $6-$8 US per injection. So what is Krokodil? It is home made and pretty ofttimes anyone can cook it.This drug is pretty much codeine turned into desomorphine by a relatively easy move of cooking. Codeine is narcotic found at any pharmacy. The problem with the desomorphine is that it has to be made by professionals in a special facility or laboratory to be perfectly pure. So these random citizens trying to perform this at home are going to use home products to turn the codeine into desomorphine, which is the cause of why the results after(prenominal) consuming this drug is so destructive.People u se gasoline as a solvent, red phosphorus which we find on average matches, iodine and hydrochloric acid, which is a highly corrosive substance, found naturally in gastric acid, it also balances the pH level of acidity which is why it is used in swimming pot treatment solutions, making it easy to purchase at specialized supermarkets. What does this drug do to you? The corrosive acids will eventually turn the skin greenish with a rough texture, which is why this drug is called Krokodil.The skin around the injection site is the offset printing to gain this appearance and becomes an easy target for gangrene. The skin literally becomes rotted and, in time, it ends up sloughing off, exposing the bone. Victor Ivanov, the head of Russias Drug Control Agency, estimates that five percent of drug users in Russia are consuming Krokodil and different equally chanceful home made drugs. Heroin alone kills around 300 thousand population in Russia every year, but Krokodil brings a much faster death.Some of its consumers only inject it when they have no coin to buy heroin however, as soon as they manage to get the money they will stop using the Krokodil. In poorer regions of Russia, though, people are becoming 24/7 Krokodil addicts, which gives them no longer than a year to live, from the moment they first inject this drug. Whats bad about this is that there are actually websites showing how to cook this drug and its a growing hidden epidemic. after(prenominal) seeing pictures of what people look like after some doses of Krokodil, I wonder how someone would ever do this to themselves. Having said this, why do people still get themselves into this? What could be so terrible about their lives that they pick the path to self destruction in such a sordid, painful panache? krokodil is 3 times more powerful and 10 times cheaper than heroin, and has become an epidemic in Russia. Krokodil has almost the same effects as heroin excerpt heroin does not eat up your skin like kroko dil does heroin is not that harmful as krokodil.Kokodril is consumed mainly injecting yourself the substance in your blood menstruation thats the cause why it reacts destructively with your body. Many people call kokodril the drug that eats junkies. Many scientists say that this drug is one of the most dangerous drugs in the world. One good thing is that this drug is mainly used only in Russia but not in the united states. Overall if you stock krokodil you basically sign your own death.

Rhetorical Analysis: the Crisis, No. 1

Rhetorical Analysis The Crisis, No. 1 by doubting Thomas Paine Political writer, Thomas Paine, in his persuasive writing, The Crisis No. 1, expresses feelings towards Britains control over the colonies. Paines purpose is to unite the colonists in an effort to retaliate against Great Britain. He intentions an objective tone in order to unite and rally the common person in his nation. Paine opens his persuasion to the nation by warning that getting their freedom from Britain will not be easy. By using the simile, Tyranny, like hell , he implies that Britains control over them will not be easy to overcome. As he says in the root word of the divide, The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will shrink from the service but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and women. , this states that anyone who will not excite for their country does not deserve their country, he uses pathos when declaring this statement. In the latter section of this dissever, Paine uses the metaphor, f being bound in that manner is not thraldom, to show that the way that the Britain is controlling them, makes them feel like slaves. Paine afterward uses ethos when he states, However, the fault, if it were one, was all our own we have none to blame but ourselves. But no great deal is lost yet. He says this to show the nation that they had messed up in the beginning, but if they were to come together they could right the wrongs that were done. In the following paragraph Paine uses pathos when he talks about God not giving up on his people.That God will provide for them and not give them up to the care of devils. he also states that God will be on their side, I cannot see on what grounds the King of Britain can look up to heaven for help against us a common murderer. Paine shifts to talk about panic, how panic can be used to produce good and bad. He uses a simile in paragraph three, Britain has trembled like and ague, he uses this to show that even the royal Briti sh army can be terrified, later in the paragraph he states, the whole English army was driven back like men petrified with fear, to emphasize his point more.Paine opens the closing paragraph by uniting the people with ethos, The far and near, the home counties and the back, the rich and the poor will suffer or rejoice alike. In saying that Paine implies, no takings what happens they all will stay together, whether it be death or freedom. He also uses ethos by stating Not all the treasures in the world could have bring forth me to support and offensive war, I think it murder. , by saying this Paine shows that war was the last option he would have much rather came to a smooth solution, but given the circumstances, there was no choice.Paine closes up the paragraph by using an asyndeton, Let them call me a rebel and welcome but I should suffer the misery of devils were I to make a whore of my soul by swearing allegiance to one whose character is that of a sottish, stupid, stubborn, worthless, brutish man. His use of the asyndeton to show that the King is much more than that he listed. In The Crisis No. 1, Thomas Paine creates an objective tone to unite and rally the nation by show what kind of man the King of Britain is. Paine achieved his goal by using a variety of rhetorical devices. He connected to the nation through the use of his devices.

Biography †Aryabhata, the Indian mathematician Essay

Aryabhata (476 CE 550 CE) was the first Hindu mathematician and astronomers from India. He wrote couple of treatise about mathematics and astronomy. Some of them were lost. His most famous works Aryabhatiya completed in 499 CE and the Arya-Siddhanta. Aryabhatiya consists of 108 verses, in which Aryabhata wrote about the mathematics and astronomy at the age of 23 in 499 CE. He was innate(p) in India at Asmaka or Kusumapura in 476 CE. There is no clear evidence of the place of give (Indian Streams Research General, family line 2012). Aryabhata studied in Kusumapura and stayed there for some time. The evidences from Hindu, Buddhist tradition, and Bhaskara I (629 CE) recognize Kusumapura as Pataliputra, currently known as Patna. Aryabhata was the head of an institution at Kusumapura. The University of Nalanda was in Pataliputra at the time. This university had an astronomical lookout that forces the belief that Aryabhata was the head of the Nalanda University. Aryabhata set up an obs ervatory at the Sun temple in T begana, Bihar (Aryabhata Indian Mathematician).Aryabhatiya deals with mathematics and astronomy. That consists of an introduction containing astronomical disheartens and Aryabhatas system of phonemic amount notation. This work consists of three sections Ganita (means mathematics), Kala-kriya (means date deliberations), and Gola (means Sphere). Ganita covers decimal number system, algorithmic programs for square and cubic roots, geometric measurements, the algorithm for Pi, tables of sines using Pythagorean Theorem, quadratic equations, proportions, and the resoluteness of linear equations. This discusses the Aryabhatas method to solve the mathematical problem, Kuttaka (means pulverizer) as well as known as Aryabhatas algorithm. This algorithm suggests breaking a problem in smaller fractions. Kala-kriya speaks about astronomy. It is about treating planetary motion and allow the definition of various units for time, eccentric, epicyclic planetar y motion modes, longitude, and latitude.Gola discusses the plane trigonometry to spherical geometry. It also has foresight of solar and lunar eclipses and explicit statement about westward motion of stars because of thespherical rotary motion of the realm about its axis (Indian Streams Research General, September 2012). The Arya-siddhanta was the work on astronomical computations. Surya Siddhanta was the base of this work and considered the disunite of the day at the midnight, as opposed to sunrise according to Aryabhatiya. It also contained a description of some(prenominal) astronomical instruments the gnomon (shanku-yantra), a shadow instrument (chhAyA-yantra), possibly angle-measuring subterfuges, semicircular, and circular (dhanur-yantra/chakra-yantra), a cylindrical stick yasti-yantra, an umbrella-shaped device called the chhatra-yantra, and water clocks of at least two types, bow-shaped and cylindrical.Bakhshali Manuscript discussed the place-value system first in the th ird century. Georges Ifrah, the mathematician from France, acknowledged that awareness of zero by Aryabhata in place-value system because of a place holder for the powers of 10 with null coefficients. Instead of using Brahmi numerals Aryabhata continued the tradition from Vedic times by using letter of the alphabet for denoting numbers, expressing quantities, such as the table of sines in a mnemonic be (Indian Streams Research General, September 2012).The Surya Siddhanta laid foundational rules to determine the true motions of the luminaries and introduced the sine, cosine trigonometric functions. Aryabhata devised the formulae for calculating the area of triangle and circle. He also devised the same for pyramid and sphere. Formulae for triangle and circle were correct. Most historians claimed that formulae for sphere and pyramid were incorrect. He created a table of sines and versine with formula sin (n+1) x sin nx = sin (n-1) x (1/225) sin nx versin= 1 cosineAryabhatas definit ion of jya (sine), kojya (cosine), urkrama-jya (versine), and otkram-jya (inverse sine) influence the trigonometry (Indian Streams Research General, September 2012). Aryabhata concluded that the approximation for pi (pic) is irrational. In Ganitapada he gave the formula for the ratio of circumference to the diameter as ((4 + 100) 8 + 62000)/20000 = 62832/20000 = 3.1416, which is accurate to five significant figures (Aryabhata Indian Mathematician). The speculation was that Aryabhata used sanna (means approaching), to mean that not entirely is this approximation but also that the value is irrational.This shows quite a a sophisticated insight from him because Lambert proved the irrationality of pi in Europe only in 1761. Bhaskaras commentary on Aryabhatiya discusses the topic known as Diophantine equations, e.g., integer solutions to the equations that have the form ax+by = c. That formula to find value of N stated as N = 8x+5 = 9y+4 = 7z+1. It capers out that the smallest value for N is 85. Vedic text Sulba Sutras discussed these notoriously difficult diophantine equations. Aryabhata provided rules of algebra in the Aryabhatia and those are as follows and13 + 23 ++n3= (1+2++n) 2In some texts, Aryabhata seems to ascribe the apparent motions of the celestial sphere to the Earths rotation. He believed that the planets orbits as elliptical rather than circular. Aryabhata correctly insisted that the man rotates about its axis daily and that the apparent movement of the stars is a relative motion caused by the rotation of the earth, contrary to the then-prevailing view in other parts of the world that the sky rotated. The first chapter of the Aryabhatiya indicated this, where he gives the number of rotations of the earth in a yuga, and made more explicit in his gola chapter (A He used affinity of movement of boat going forward. During this movement person feels an unmoving object going in inverse direction than the boat. With this analogy he discussed the app earance of unmoving stars going uniformly westward. The cause of rising and mise en scene is that the sphere of the stars together with the planets apparently turns due west at the equator, constantly pushed by the cosmic wind.Aryabhata depict a geocentric computer simulation of the solar system, in which he mentioned that the Sun and Moon in turn revolve around the Earth. He calculated the positions and periods of the planets with respect to uniformly moving points. He stated that animate at which Mercury, Venus, and Sun move around the Earth is identical and is different from the specific speed of Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. He represented each planets motion finished the zodiac. Most historians of astronomy expressed that this two-epicycle model reflects elements of pre-Ptolemaic Greek astronomy. Historians saw another element in Aryabhatas model, the ghrocca, the basic planetary period in relation to the Sun as a sign of an underlying heliocentric model. He explainedsolar an d lunar eclipses. He stated that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight and explained eclipses in terms of shadows cast by and falling on Earth. His theory explained the lunar eclipse occurs when the moon enters into the Earths shadow and discussed the aloofness the size and extent of the Earths shadow. He provided the computation and the size of the eclipsed part during an eclipse.Later Indian astronomers improved on the calculations, but Aryabhatas methods provided the core. Aryabhata calculated the sidereal rotation as 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.1 seconds the modern value is 23564.091. Similarly, his value for the length of the sidereal division at 365 days, sixsome hours, 12 minutes, and 30 seconds is an error of three minutes and 20 seconds over the length of a year (Indian Streams Research General, September 2012). Aryabhatas work influenced the Indian astronomical tradition and several neighboring cultures through translations. His work as translated in Arabic d uring the Islamic Golden Age (c. 820 CE).Al-Khwarizmi cited some of his results and in the tenth century Al-Biruni stated that Aryabhatas followers believed that the Earth rotated on its axis. Aryabhatas astronomical calculation methods were also very influential. Islamic world widely used the trigonometric tables to compute many Arabic astronomical tables (zijes). Calendric calculations devised by Aryabhata and his followers contributed the practical purposes of fixing the Panchangam (the Hindu calendar). Other cultures used this for forming the calendar systems.India honored Aryabhata by naming Indias first satellite as Aryabhata. An Institute for conducting research in astronomy, astrophysics, and atmospheric sciences is the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIOS) near Nainital, India. Indian authorities named the inter-school math competition as Aryabhata Maths Competition, as is Bacillus Aryabhata, a species of bacteria discovered by ISRO scientists in 2 009.ReferencesIndian Streams Research General Avhale, P. S Waghmare, R. V. Kolhe, S. B. Indian Streams Research Journal. Sep2012, Vol. 2 Issue 8, Special section p1-5. 5p. Retrieved from https//ehis.ebscohost.com/explosive detection system/detail?vid=2&hid=117&sid=d84c9078-6d85-4131-9209-e44cdb4cba58%40sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3ddb=a9h&AN=82351338

Experts need to slow down the rate of global warming

Experts around the world name been warning about this for decades and have been urging governments to do more to slow down the rate of global warming. They warn that there is a 75% risk that global temperatures will rise a further two to three degrees in the next 50 years. The consequence of this would be dramatic. In fact a rise of just wholeness degree would melt the Greenland ice sheet and drown the Maldives, but a three degree sum up would kill the Amazon rainforest, wipe out nearly half of every species facing extinction and meet havoc with crop yields due to weather changes.Whilst the global climate goes through hot and cold cycles, what is agony about the current phase is the pace of change that could send us head first into a final spin. Although we have certainly benefited from technological advancements that have given us plastics, air travel and tuppeny food what is important is to maintain a balance so that excessive consumerism does not ride unrelenting over nat ures harmony. In Islam man is given the role of trusteeship over the earth, which is a huge responsibility.In the past, man had to be careful how he treated his local environment since excessive grazing or agriculture could bring ruin to his livelihood. His knowledge was also limited but in the event of a disaster either through ignorance or abuse at least he could resort to locomote elsewhere and start again. Now we should have no excuse for ignorance and we should have learnt from our past to avoid misuse. scarce what is worrying is that the impacts of our behaviour are not just local anymore, they are global.If we fail to act in a responsible manner then we cannot simply relocate because there will be nowhere to go. It is therefore vital that as producers, manufacturers and consumers, we ensure that we give due consideration to the impact of our actions. Such a responsibility is not just that of the east or the west but a responsibility for all of us. Islam teaches us that God has continued and will continue to provide us with ample resources for all time. exclusively through mans misuse, this balance may change.It is this personal greed of man that makes them squander these resources and deprive others who may occupy those resources. The Holy al-Quran warns mankind in Chapter 7, verse 32 O children of Adam eat and imbibing but exceed not the bounds surely He does not love those who exceed the bounds The overall message of Islam is that it promotes harmony by advising moderation. It accepts that we need to use resources for our progress but this should be through wisely and in a sustainable manner, so that a satisfactory medium is found.The Holy Quran relates in Chapter 25, verse 68 those who, when they spend are neither extravagant nor niggardly but watch between the two. So as individuals we should act on the Quranic injunction that promotes balance and avoids excess and Nations need to be more willing to share knowledge for the sake of the planet rather than for profit and take collective action in line with their collective responsibility. By doing so we will be able to raise the pleasure of God and honour our trusteeship of the earth for the present and future generations

Alfred Binet and His Life

Binet attended law school in genus Paris, and received his degree in 1878. He also studied Natural Sciences at the Sorbonne. His first formal job was as a researcher at a neurological clinic, Salpetriere Hospital, in Paris from 1883 1889. From there, Binet went on to being a researcher and associate theater director of the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology at the Sorbonne from 1891 1894. In 1894, he was promoted to being the director of the laboratory until 1911 (his death). afterward receiving his law degree in 1878, Alfred Binet began to study science at the Sorbonne.However, he was non overly provoke in his formal schooling, and started educating himself by reading psychology texts at the National Library in Paris. He soon became fascinated with the ideas of John Stuart Mill, who believed that the operations of intelligence could be explained by the laws of associationism. Binet eventually realized the limitations of this theory, entirely Mills ideas continued to influ ence his work. In 1883, geezerhood of unaccompanied study ended when Binet was introduced to Charles Fere, who introduced him to Jean Charcot, the director of a clinic called La Salpetriere.Charcot became his mentor and in turn, Binet accepted a job offer at the clinic. During his seven years there, any and every of Charcots views were accepted unconditionally by Binet. This of course, was where he could have utilise the interactions with others and training in critical thinking that a University precept impartd. In 1883, Binet began to work in Jean-Martin Charcots neurological laboratory at the Salpetriere Hospital in Paris. At the time of Binets tenure, Charcot was experimenting with hypnotism. Binet was strongly influenced by this great man, and promulgated four articles around his work in this area.Unfortunately, Charcots conclusions did not hold up under sea captain scrutiny, and Binet was forced to make an clumsy public admission that he had been legal injury in supporti ng his t from each oneer. When his intrigue with hypnosis waned as a ending of failure to establish professional acceptance, he dark to the study of knowledge spurred on by the take over of his two daughters, Madeleine and Alice (born in 1885 and 1887, respectively). In the 21 year period following his shift in calling interests, Binet published more than 200 books, articles, and reviews in what now would be called experimental, developmental, educational, social, nd differential psychology (Siegler, 1992).Bergin and Cizek (2001) enkindle that this work may have influenced Jean Pi aget, who later studied with Binets collaborator Theodore Simon in 1920. Binets research with his daughters helped him to pull ahead refine his developing conception of intelligence, especially the importance of attention span and suggestibility in intellectual development. disrespect Binets extensive research interests and wide breadth of publications, today he is most widely known for his contrib utions to intelligence.savage (1973) postulates that this is the result of his not being affiliation with a major university. Because Binet did not have any formalised graduate study in psychology, he did not hold a professorship with a reputable institution where students and funds would be sure to perpetuate his work (Siegler, 1992). Additionally, his more progressive theories did not provide the practical gain that his intelligence scale would evoke. Binet and his coworker Fere discovered what they called transfer and they also recognized perceptual and ablaze polarization.Binet and Fere persuasion their findings were a phenomenon and of utmost importance. later on investigations by many, the two men were forced to admit that they were wrong about their concepts of transfer and polarization. Basically, their patients had known what was expected, what was supposed to happen, and so they simply assented. Binet had risked everything on his experiment and its results, and this failure took a toll on him. In 1890, Binet resigned from La Salpetriere and never mentioned the place or its director again. His interests then turned toward the development of his children, Madeleine and Alice, who were two years apart.This research corresponds with that done by Jean Piaget just a absolutely time later, regarding the development of cognition in children. A job presented itself for Binet in 1891 at the Laboratory of physiologic Psychology at the Sorbonne. He worked for a year without pay and by 1894, he took over as the director. This was a position that Binet held until his death, and it enabled him to pursue his studies on mental processes. While directing the Laboratory, Theodore Simon applied to do doctorial research under Binets supervision. This was the beginning of their long, fruitful collaboration.During this time he also co-founded the French journal of psychology, LAnnee psychologique, dowry as the director and editor-in-chief. n 1899, Binet was asked to be a instalment of the Free Society for the Psychological speculate of the Child. French education changed profusely during the end of the nineteenth century, because of a law that passed which make it mandatory for children ages sise to fourteen to attend school. This group to which Binet became a member hoped to begin studying children in a scientific manner. Binet and many other members of the society were appointed to the Commission for the Retarded.The question became What should be the analyze given to children thought to possibly have learning disabilities, that might place them in a special classroom? Binet make it his problem to establish the differences that separate the familiar child from the abnormal, and to measure such differences. LEtude experimentale de lintelligence (Experimental Studies of Intelligence) was the book he used to describe his methods and it was published in 1903. Development of more tests and investigations began soon after the book, with th e help of a materialization medical student named Theodore Simon.Simon had nominated himself a few years before as Binets research aid and worked with him on the intelligence tests that Binet is known for, which share Simons name as well. In 1905, a new test for measuring intelligence was introduced and simply called the BinetSimon scale. In 1908, they revised the scale, dropping, modifying, and adding tests and also arranging them according to age take aims from common chord to thirteen. In 1904 a French professional group for child psychology, La Societe Libre pour lEtude Psychologique de lEnfant, was called upon by the French government to appoint a commission on the education of retarded children.The commission was asked to create a mechanism for identifying students in need of alternative education. Binet, being an active member of this group, found the impetus for the development of his mental scale. Binet and Simon, in creating what historically is known as the Binet-Simo n Scale, comprised a variety of tasks they thought were representative of usual childrens abilities at various ages. This task-selection process was ground on their many years of observing children in earthy settings. They then tested their measurement on a sample of fifty children, ten children per five age groups.The children selected for their study were identified by their school teachers as being average for their age. The purpose of this scale of normal functioning, which would later be revised twice employ more stringent standards, was to compare childrens mental abilities relation back to those of their normal peers (Siegler, 1992). The scale consisted of thirty tasks of increasing complexity. The easiest of these could be accomplished by all children, even those who were intemperately retarded. Some of the simplest test items assessed whether or not a child could follow a lighted arrest with his eyes or shake hands with the examiner.Slightly harder tasks required chi ldren to point to various named body parts, recite back a series of 3 digits, repeat simple sentences, and to define words like house, classify or mama. More difficult test items required children to state the difference between pairs of things, reproduce drawings from computer storage or to construct sentences from three given words such as Paris, river and fortune. The hardest test items included ask children to repeat back 7 random digits, find three rhymes for the French word obeisance and to dissolver questions such as My neighbor has been receiving strange visitors.He has received in turn a doctor, a lawyer, and then a priest. What is taking place? (Fancher, 1985). For the practical use of determining educational placement, the score on the Binet-Simon scale would reveal the childs mental age. For example, a 6 year-old child who passed all the tasks usually passed by 6 year-oldsbut nothing beyondwould have a mental age that exactly matched his chronological age, 6. 0. ( Fancher, 1985). Binet was blunt about the limitations of his scale. He stressed the remarkable diversity of intelligence and the subsequent need to study it exploitation qualitative, as opposed to quantitative, measures.Binet also stressed that intellectual development progressed at variable rates and could be influenced by the environment therefore, intelligence was not based solely on genetics, was malleable rather than fixed, and could solitary(prenominal) be found in children with comparable backgrounds (Siegler, 1992). Given Binets stance that intelligence testing was subject to variability and was not generalizable, it is important to look at the metamorphosis that mental testing took on as it made its way to the U. S. While Binet was developing his mental scale, the business, civic, and educational leaders in the U.S. were facing issues of how to accommodate the require of a diversifying population, while continuing to meet the demands of society.There arose the call to form a society based on meritocracy (Siegler,1992) while continuing to underline the ideals of the upper class. In 1908, H. H. Goddard, a champion of the eugenics movement, found utility in mental testing as a way to evidence the superiority of the white race. After studying abroad, Goddard brought the Binet-Simon Scale to the United States and translated it into English. Following Goddard in the U. S. ental testing movement was Lewis Terman who took the Simon-Binet Scale and standardized it using a large American sample.The new Standford-Binet scale was no longer used solely for advocating education for all children, as was Binets objective. A new objective of intelligence testing was illustrated in the Stanford-Binet manual with testing ultimately resulting in curtailing the reproduction of feeble-mindedness and in the elimination of an enormous amount of crime, pauperism, and indus endeavor inefficiency (p. 7) Terman, L. , Lyman, G. , Ordahl, G. , Ordahl, L. , Galbreath, N. Tal bert, W. (1916).The Stanford Revision and cite of the Binet-Simon Scale for Measuring Intelligence. Baltimore Warwick York. (White, 2000). It follows that we should question why Binet did not speak out concerning the newfound uses of his measure. Siegler (1992) pointed out that Binet was slightly of an isolationist in that he never traveled outside of France and he barely participated in professional organizations. Additionally, his mental scale was not adopted in his own country during his lifetime and therefore was not subjected to the same fate.Finally, when Binet did become aware of the foreign ideas being grafted on his instrument he condemned those who with brutal pessimism and low-down verdicts were promoting the concept of intelligence as a single, unitary construct (White, 2000). From 1905 to 1908, Binet and Simon developed a test to begin with for kids ages 3 to 15 that would compare their intellectual capabilities to other children of the same age. He did a lot of tr ial and error testing with students from his area.Binet studied groups of normal children, and also children who were mentally challenged. He had to figure out which tasks each group of students was able to complete, and what would be considered standard in the groups. The tests were held between one interviewer and one student, and determined what level of intellectual thinking the student had achieved. The invention of the intelligence test was extremely important to the field of education. Binet published the third version of the Binet-Simon scale right before he died in 1911, but it was still unfinished.If it were not for his early death, Binet surely would have continued to revise the scale. Still, the Binet-Simon scale was and is hugely popular around the world, principally because it is easy to give and fairly brief. Since his death, many people in many ways have recognise Binet, but two of these stand out. In 1917, the Free Society for the Psychological Study of the Child, to whom Binet became a member in 1899 and which prompted his development of the intelligence tests, changed their name to La Societe Alfred Binet, in memory of the renowned psychologist.The second purity was not until 1984, when the journal Science 84 picked the Binet-Simon scale, as one of twenty of this centurys most significant developments or discoveries. He studied sexual behavior, coining the term erotic fetishism to describe individuals whose sexual interests in dehumanised objects, such as articles of clothing. He also studied abilities of Valentine Dencausse, the most famous chiromancer in Paris in those days.Referenceshttp//www.mhhe.com/mayfieldpub/psychtesting/profiles/binet.htmhttp//www.indiana.edu/intell/binet.shtml

JFK Inaugural Speech Essay Essay

Patriotic yet hopeful, John F. Kennedy urges the the Statesn citizens to act as a community with the rest of the valet de chambre. Anaphora and abridgment words aid him in highlighting his hopes for the quest of community in the world. Hortative and imperative sentences were also strongly delivered in his obstetrical delivery to justify what the citizens of the States should be doing to make these hopes be fare a reality. With these devices, the pursuit of a sense of community between America and the rest of the world is desired amongst the American citizens and international audience. Claim) Kennedy reaches out to the citizens randy sense through abstract words in his clever application of anaphora. Evidence) To those aged allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the trueness of faithful friends. Kennedy delivers passionately these abstract words, such as cultural and loyalty to emotionally arouse the citizens in a positive way.He continues by elaborati ng about and creating pledges with anaphora to further appeal to the American citizens emotions. To those old allies, To those new states, To those people in huts and villages, To our sister republics south of our border, and To that world assembly of monarch states, the United Nations tie the world together through the pledges that follow this anaphora that Kennedy makes in the name of America. permit both sides explore, Let both sides, for the first time, formulate, Let both sides seek to perk up, and Let both sides unite was declared by Kennedy shortly after to show how both sides should come together also in rhythmic, catchy application of anaphora. Insight) Kennedy was able to captivate the American citizens through their emotional convictions through these rhetorical devices.Anaphora is applied to put great emphasis on these pledges and shift the speech to its climax. Abstract words create an emotional arousal in the citizens that should cause them to act on those pledges. This gets them to endure closer attention and feel more involved. Claim 2) Kennedy exposes his earnest attitude on the matter of having the world come together through his sentence selection of hortative and imperative.

We Grow Accustomed to the Dark…

Darkness is a fall out image in literature that evokes a universal unheard-of, yet is often entrenched in numerous meanings. A master poet, Emily Dickinson employs vestige as a metaphor umpteen times by means ofout her poetry. In We grow accustomed to the dark (428) she talks of the newness that awaits when we fit our Vision to the Dark. As questionable and shrouded in secret as the dark she explores, Dickinsons poetry seems our only door to understanding the recl hold. As she wrote to her friend T. W. Higginson on April 15, 1862, the creative thinker is so near itself it scum bag non see, distinctly(Letters 253).In this musing, she acquiesces to a nonion that man remains locked in an internal struggle with himself. This inner contravene is brought to light through a metaphorical night that pervades many of her songs. Evidenced by the sheer breadth of her poetry she penned throughout her lifespan, it is clear Dickinson indulged and withdrew often into the inner real m of her own mind. The sliminess is an interesting metaphor because it awards a dichotomy betwixt an internal and external. Poem 428 illustrates both as the phantasm acts as a barrier against understanding, while at the same time a limitless changeover to potential fellowship.As a poet, Dickinson meticulously fashions her poems. Each word, for each one capitalization, each rhyme scheme the fool is a device c atomic number 18fully calculated and chosen. The dash is rarely reflected on since Dickinson tends to practice the punctuation in each poem. However, in poem 428, the formatting is essential to the meaning. What do the dashes mean? The punctuation dash has the federal agency to right away interrupt the flow of a sentence. Dashes indicate pauses ends places to wait sometimes nonhingness. Nothingness is what the injustice contains. Isnt nonhingness an unknown?As we read the poem we pause at every turn, commanded to do so by the dash declaratory of inner co ntravene. Our minds subconsciously repeat this action after ever pause every dash. The talking to it is apply on highlight the dark. The dash is used after margins directly referencing darkness itself and its incarnations (line 6s night, line 10s Evenings, line 11s Moon, line 19s Midnight) half of the time. In other lines, darkness is not directly referenced, yet evoked through certain associate terms. The power of darkness to hinder understanding and arbitrarily change are used fter such words (line 2s away, line 4s bye, line 11s sign, and line 17s alters).The darkness also could represent an inner conflict, such as the turmoil within (line 12) is exclusively mental. The line is indicative of the inner search for truth. The superfluous use of dashes in this specific line emphasizes the feeling of hopelessness that plagues the search. This trend continues in line 13 as the subject, the Bravest, still always have darkness that lies ahead which they must meet -erect- (line 8) and overcome. After doing this, the brave can see (line 16) and reach the deeper enlightenment theyve sought.What about the words that lack a dash? These lines emphasize the sworn enemy of darkness- the light. To begin, line 3s lamp illuminates the darkness. Light is used often as a metaphor to channelise knowledge that lies ahead or paths to understanding. Therefore, line 5s step and line 20s straight lack a dash since they show a direction. In darkness, there exists nothingness and no place to tread. In line 14, tree is indicative of lights other meaning to shed light on something. A realization of a truth whitethorn be revealed in light. This connection causes light to be intrinsically linked to wisdom.Thus, in a poem so immersed in emotional darkness, wisdom would void it. As cold as line 18s spot is concerned, no dash is present because without light a visual cannot be seen and depart remain in (a physical and mental) darkness. In these lines without a dash, darkness is not a cting as a barrier. In this poem, a rhyme scheme doesnt seem to exist at first. Few of the lines rhyme, except for lines 14 and 16 and lines 18 and 19. However, the poem has fluidity scorn its apparent scarcity of rhyme. After examining the alteration of syllables in each line, a pattern is revealed in this poem concerning darkness.The first nine lines alternate between 8 and 6 syllables. These lines are concerned, as any narrative is, with exposition. These lines mountain up darkness as an internal conflict to come. The conflict intensifies in lines 10 and 11 as we are bombarded by an explosion of 8 syllables in each line. These lines present the conflict within ones own mind at its most desperate. After this climax, the syllables in the become nine lines resolve the conflict presented. In these lines, Dickinson presents us with an archetypal figure that is brass sectiond with a conflict the bravest hero.These lines present the resolution in lines that alternate between 6 and 7 syllables. Just as the syllables decrease, the fall action presents us with a final insight. This insight discusses how darkness is an insurmountable entity that, interchangeable the hero, we must face to continue straight through Life (line 20). The next seemingly arbitrary decision is Dickinsons capitalization. The capitalization at the beginning of the sentence must be capitalized therefore, well focus on the capitalizations that lie within each sentence. In this poem, each of these words is a noun.Past this simple reading, what may we deduce from these capitalizations? Each stanza presents a different set of capitalized objects which lend themselves to the interpretation that darkness is a barrier. It is no mere coincidence, that standardised the darkness they reference, these objects are not easily read. The poem presents itself as a narrative, but when you want to seek a connection between these capitalized objects, you feel youve hit a wall an impasse. In poem 554, Dicki nson presents us with another frustrating financial statement when she asserts I had not minded Walls .In a similar way, this poem Dickinson is satisfied with the elusiveness that the darkness presents. She takes delight in contradiction and abstraction. In a letter sent to T. W Higginson on June 8, 1862, Dickinson states that she has no tribunal (255). Dickinson, like her poetry, is a paradox. In her house she was Emily Elizabeth Dickinson, yet in her poetry and letters takes on the form of the enigmatic Your Scholar or E. Dickinson (Letters 263-278). However, without seeming as well as presumptuous with a direct correlation to the poet, these objects remain impenetrable.The objects could be interpreted as external entities, yet each when internalized represents a concept inaccessible. For example, in poem 428, we feel the Moon and Star, objects present in darkness of the sky, not characterized in the usual way we symbolically represent them. The Moon doesnt represent an omen sign and the Star is found within reach instead of far away. This is further evidenced when the Bravest in relation to the Tree do not act how we expect. We expect figures personify courage to undergo immense not little obstacles and to always not sometimes encounter them (as represent by the tree).But what of all the poems that argue the opposite, that the darkness represents a potential limitless portent to freedom? indeed poem 428s metaphorical darkness could be interpreted as a veil that covers a deeper enigmatical truth. In fact, darkness takes on a myriad of manifestations, such as shadow, in Dickinsons poetry. In hope is that long shadow on the Lawn (487), Dickinson uses a long shadow in apposition with a presentiment. A presentiment is an intuition about the future (usually of something evil). In this instance, a limiting of light presents us with an indicator to further wisdom.In another poem, In Ebon box, when years have flown (180), the darkness that covers t he box is manifested as velvet dust / Summers have sprinkled there A mere wiping away is all it takes to unlock whats unfathomable inside. In these poems, darkness is never directly referenced only alluded to. However, in Dickinsons poetry, darkness need not solely be alluded to. In Through the dark sod as education (559), the deeper theme of darkness explicitly leads to potential knowledge. In poem 559, the Lily is an entity known to thrive in the light of day (and maybe even Dickinson herself).Then, why is the image of the Dark Sod brought in? Dickinson certainly could have chosen to utilize night, a period that flowers encounter every night. However, through this uncommon embodiment of lawn, Dickinson exposes darkness as an present force. Even for a Lily, darkness is a commonplace occurrence. However, here a head on meeting with an omnipresent force doesnt block the pursuer from realizing a deeper meaning. Thus, the Lily needs the darkness for redemption. Poem 559 presents darkness as a metaphor we shouldnt have trepidation or fear for.In the second stanza, Dickinson advances her exploration of darkness. In the meadow, the Lily acknowledges the darkness that it faced by reflecting on its recent Mold-life. The Mold in the garden-variety setting of the poem has the evil power to devour and delineates passing of time. However, to ignore the first part of the hyphenated expression, the word Mold, would be to ignore the power of darkness influence. Mold itself could refer back to the process of forming (both physical creation and the mental process undergone throughout life by the mind).In this poem, the Lily undergoes a transformative process that leaves it forever in Extasy. Ecstasy here is an interesting consequence when we shoot Dickinsons own mentations on the matter. On their first meeting, Dickinson said to T. W. Higginson, I find ecstasy in life-time the mere sense of living is joy itself (Letters 264). (Therefore, if we conclude that ecstasy i s an effect of darkness, then we could deduce that Dickinson believed it merry element since life is comprised of birth and death. ) The flower in the poem is mutated and enhanced through the period of darkness it experiences.This poem could be seen as a musing on the human condition that befalls us all. A matter relatable and universally understood that life is a never-ending struggle which we all engage. The individual will emerge from the hardships, like Dark Sod, once they come to the realization that light cannot exist without its antithesis, darkness. Just as light cannot exist without its opposite, a discourse on metaphorical darkness in Emily Dickinsons poetry would not be complete without an inclusion of metaphorical light.However, light is such a commonly used word, that expressions expound its revelatory nature have become cliches. To go beyond these two analyses, we must reveal the cataclysmic nature underlying light. In Theres a certain slant of light (320), Dickinso n explicates light in a novel way. In this poem, the setting is a Winter Afternoon. From the very first line, the poet maintains a bias against the light. In the season of winter, it is expected for light to rarely appear. As a New England resident, Emily Dickinson knew this fact well. This poem, unlike many of Dickinsons poetry, does not extol nature or light.Unlike its usual connotation, Dickinson presents a light that contradicts what we expect and that instead exhibits a complicated nature. Interestingly enough, the light at work in this poem is found to be oppressive, despite nature superseding its position. Why then is light oppressive? The answer to this query is arrived at if we carefully hunt Dickinsons diction choice. In this poem, we can argue that change is epitomized by the certain Slant of light as a turning point for transformation. This slant of light is oppressive, but this is no simple, purely negative oppression.Rather, like darkness, it is both hard and worthwh ile. The diction is heightened in the third stanza, when the poem 320s speaker states how light cannot school a lesson. An experience of painful transition is deemed more important. This experience is characterized by the stress placed on the word Any. The word both ends the physically written line and limits the expounded experience. Further explored, the turmoil disclosed is revealed not as a collective one by the diction choice an imperial affliction. It is almost as if a privileged group can only experience the transformation.In one word, Dickinson refashions light from universal parable of revelation to a symbol of an exclusive human experience. However, taking light metaphorically where we never thought it could, Dickinson shows how easily transmuted these externals light and dark (which weve internalized and thought we knew) are. In Dickinsons first letter to T. W. Higginson on April 16, 1862, she asked him, Are you too deeply occupied to say if my rhythm is alive? (25 3) The irony lies in the fact that Dickinsons verse is so alive that Emily Dickinson continues to rewrite the traditional modes of literature convention past her own lifetime.

750 word editorial to submit to USA today for possible publication on Article

750 word chromatography column to submit to USA today for possible publication on why I think the amiable health Access ACT OF 2012 conducts to be passed so it can help the nations veterans - Article practice sessionDelivering mental healthcare to this segment is a unique challenge that requires specialized training.Combat stress has induce the inescapable part of life of a war veteran that results in psychological stress. The Post-Deployment Health legal opinion for soldiers has revealed the alarming results of mental disorders for those who are engaged in violent war-fronts where they have to witness killings and bloodshed. The Mental Health Access Act of 2012 aims to improve and enhance programs and activities of the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs to improve the levels of resilience of the veterans.Establishment of such a system to provide accurate and reliable measures for mental health serve to the veterans is the need of the hour. The bill sponsored by Senator Murray (Democrat) and introduced on June 25, 2012 is the right step in achieving the desired goal. The bill generally has the twin objectives. Pre-deployment training, wherein the soldiers will be counseled about what to expect in the front to enable them to be mentally tough and let them know how to handle it when confronted and the options available to them.Soldiers killing themselves and committing suicide is distressing news as compared to their dying in warfronts for a cause. According to the figures reported by the Department of Veterans Affairs the nations veterans who live through the conditions, post-traumatic disorders coupled with substance abuse have turned out to be hard ailments. Many ancillary problems like emotional numbing, sleeplessness, irritability, hyper vigilance, depression, anxiety and poor concentration makes their life tortuous. The authorities need to take decisive steps to prevent, inform and treat. The brave, faithful men and women who have sacrificed much and have utilize their lives to serve the nation deserve more and their grievances need to be comprehensively addressed, treated and alleviated. The Mental